Heel pain is most often caused by plantar fasciitis — a condition that is sometimes also called heel spur syndrome when a spur is present. Heel pain is one of the most common forms of foot pain in adults and affects 2 million Americans every year. It is also common in active children and adolescents between the ages of 8 and 13. This foot problem is generally the result of faulty biomechanics (walking gait abnormalities) that place too much stress on the heel bone and the soft tissues that attach to it. Surgery to correct heel pain is generally only recommended if orthotic treatment has failed, therefore it is a last resort and is seldom necessary.
Shoes
Shoes with thicker, well-cushioned midsoles may help alleviate the problem. Shoes that are too flexible in the middle of the arch or shoes that bend before the toe joints will cause an increase in tension in the plantar fascia. Shoes that do not bend under the ball of the foot as easily as toes are effectively increasing the length of the foot. If you have experienced painful heels try wearing your shoes around your house in the evening. Pad the heel of shoes with a shock absorbing insole.
Stretching
Stretching exercises for your foot are important. Stretching the calf muscles before walking in the morning could be a cure for many cases. Stretching the tissue throughout the foot and calf can also help to reduce strain and promote healing the area. Exercises to make the foot stronger and to stretch the tendons or fascia are very important.
Running
Running, walking, tennis, and other sports that put stress on the heels can cause tiny tears in the tissue. Heel pain may return if you return too soon to your previous level of exercise or sports participation. Patients are advised to wear athletic shoes all day (they diminish the forces of heel strike) and are instructed to moderate their activities for three weeks.
Therapy
Therapy sessions sometimes include iontophoresis, which uses a mild electrical current to push anti-inflammatory medicine to the sore area. Ice and massage may also be used prior to exercise.
